Like Water for Chocolate Essay Example for Free

Like Water for Chocolate Essay Suggests that the soup has made her feel like a baby again given that while she is still in her mom’s belly she cries very hard when onions are chopped and it suggest the impact of food to Tita. After drinking the soup Tita has miraculously recovered from the loss of pigeons which she kept as pet and that triggered her sense of loosing Pedro and R erself to cook she fell in love with it and got a part time job as an assistant to a cooking teacher. Even though she has a lack of precision she was hired because she wasn’t afraid to fail and has a passion to cook unlike the others and getting hired made her feel confident, hence gaining control of life through cooking. The protagonist, Tita in Like Water for Chocolate gains control through cooking as well. Cooking is the only thing Tita love to do because Mama Elena bans her from doing a lot of things; the kitchen is the area where she can retreat from Mama Elena’s demands. When she cooked quail in rose petal sauce she controlled and triggered a lot of peoples emotion. Her sister Gertrudis was the first on affected by the dish, it aroused her sexual desire. She fled naked from her burning shower and when on a horse, galloping away with a soldier. Another incident where she gained control is the Chabela wedding cake she made for her lover Pedro and Rosaura. Even though she couldn’t stop the wedding, she made everyone cry. She made people cry for her tragic experience not only the guests cried, Mama Elena cried as well. She lost control of her life but through cooking she gain control of people’s emotions. In Like Water for Chocolate, food is not just a nutrition it acts as a very important nurturing role. The ox-tail soup Dr. John gave Tita has recalled the best moments of her life and brought back memories of her and Nacha making ox-tail soup together, chopping onions. It suggests that the soup has made her feel like a baby again given that while she is still in her mom’s belly she cries very hard when onions are chopped and it suggest the impact of food to Tita.

On Wartime and Postwar Commemoration :: essays research papers fc

Commemorating the actions of those who served in World War I took many forms in its attempt to ease the suffering and losses inflicted by the war. The creation of memorials served several purposes and with time, the meanings associated with them changed, as did the purposes with which they served. Support groups were formed to aid those in need whose lives became radically changed by the war, and in an effort to commemorate their service. Without aleving the pain completely, commemoration served to ease the tremendous burden of guilt, sorrow, and responsibility to those whose lives were now changed forever. World War I memorials generally fell into three separate categories based upon the time of their creation. The first type of memorials were those which were created in the years preceding 1918. These memorials scattered the landscape and were created and developed at the community level. The erection of commemorative memorials to the war served as a unifying symbol of the community spirit and as a centerpiece with which to rally around. They also served as a physical statement against those who may offer dissenting opinions as to the communities involvement in the war effort. The moral high ground was thus established in the symbolism of a united effort. They also served to support the community's brave young men who were off fighting gallantly for the security and preservation of it's ideals and in essence the community itself. Local memorials also served to inspire and motivate those who labored in industry dedicated to the war effort. It created a sense of purpose and a realization that what they were working for had a larger meaning and purpose. Local war memorials also served as rallying points for the enlistment of soldiers. The statuesque soldier brazenly dashing to war was accompanied with listings of locals who had enlisted. This inspired even greater enlistment while creating a public record of scorn to those who chose to ignore their "duty." As the war continued past a glorious moment and quick victory, the memorials took on more of a role of a museum. The collection of combat memorabilia increased. Photographs, books, and art describing the war continued. Descriptions of the weapons of war and the style of warfare that was taking place on the front lines was requested, however in order to preserve the dignity of the war, a good deal of censorship was practiced. Accounts of the brutality were circulating back to the homefront through letters and personal accounts of those who had returned. Government regulation of the memorials however, determined that in order to maintain support for the war and to quell opposition to the countries war efforts, the

Reproductive Health Bill Essay

The Reproductive Health Bill was first proposed in 1998 by Edcel Lagman of Albay. The said bill aims to improve and promote all methods of family planning, both natural and modern, to help our country’s dilemma regarding the continued growth of our population. The RH Bill gives information to family planning. It will improve maternal, infant and child health and nutrition. It promotes breast feeding. Then abortion will remain illegal and it is punishable by law but post-abortion complications will be given medical aid. It also contains prevention of reproductive tract infections like HIV/AIDS, STD, etc; treatment of breast and reproductive tract cancers, and prevention and treatment of infertility. It has elimination of violence against women and also education of sexuality and reproductive health. It includes male involvement and participation in the reproductive health and lastly education of reproductive health for the youth. For several reasons this bill has been an issue in our country for years. It has its pros and cons. Some say it is advantageous because it will really help in the country’s problem, the never ending growth of population that eventually leads to the country’s unchanging state of poverty. Some say it is a no no because of its very ill effects, immorality and sinful act. While, others have no idea what it is nor have any concern about what is happening around them which is really unfortunate. So the researchers thought of conducting a research concerning the thoughts and opinions of the youth about this bill. The youth’s perceptions are important, so are their awareness. Their awareness is a primary concern because they are the future generation. They should be aware of the things going around their environment in order for them to help and participate in developing the country’s economy into a better one. Their views and points may help the society after all.

The Role Of Employee Motivation And Employee Performance

OVERVIEW Globalization has affected the business environment in various ways. A lot of organizations have been changed from the traditional hierarchical structures to decentralized structures. In today’s dynamic environment, employees’ priorities and needs have continued to change among diverse generations and demographics. These changes highlight the importance of understanding the vital roles employees play in the organization, what is important to them and how to motivate them today more than ever. Identifying and understanding these could help improve employees performance at the workplace in order to reduce turnover rates and attain sustainable competitive advantage. This study aims to investigate factors that motivate today’s employees, possible relationship between employee motivation and employee Performance as well as factors that might underlie such a relationship. In this Review of Literature section, I will introduce broad definitions of employee motivation, the theories of motivation that are relevant to this study and various factors that motivate employees. I will also address possible relationship between employee motivation and Performance as well as reasons why some motivation strategies fail. WHAT IS EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Halepota (2005) defined motivation as â€Å"a person’s active participation and commitment to achieve the prescribed results† (p. 16). He further pointed out that the concept of motivation is abstract because different strategies produceShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Employee Motivation And Customer Retention Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesEmployees play a pivotal role in the success of any business or non-business organization. They determine various organizational success factors including productivity, innovation, service and product quality, customer loyalty, and work efficiency. Indeed, in their research study, Ganesh and Mangalore (2016) established a strong link between employee motivation and customer retention. Therefore, any effort to improve the performance of an organization should begin with addressing human resource issuesRead MoreCorrelation Between Employee Motivation And Job Performance Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesorganization. An employee performance appraisal can act as motivation for an employee to improve his productivity. When an employee sees his goals clearly defined and is measured against the set goals and objectives, a need can be identified about the future strategies of employee motivation. In this review, I will look at and explore the multiple arguments of the management research articles. So, the question I must ask: is there a positive correlation between employee motivation and job performance? BodyRead MoreTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE1110 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation can be a key-contributing factor in employee performance. It is of great importance to an organization to recognize ways in which it can use employee motivation to positively affect employee performance. The methods used by organizations to motivate its employees are essential in determining how they affect employee performance. There are both positive and negative motivational tools that may be explored. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between motivation andRead MoreThe Success Or Failure Of Any Firm Or Organization Depends Upon The Competency And Proficiency Of Its Workforce1584 Words   |  7 Pagesworkforce. To improve the performance of a particular organization and its employees, motivation is required from the workforce. Employee maintenance can be practiced by thoroughly motivating the employees in many ways. In the big organizational env ironment, it is hard for the supervisor to motivate employees as compared to the small organizational environment. There are various strategies and techniques which are to be applied in order to motivate employees for better performance. Motivating employeesRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation1341 Words   |  6 PagesMotivation Motivation is, according to the text, â€Å"A set of energetic forces that originate within and outside an employee that initiates work-related effort and determines its direction, intensity and persistence.† (Colquitt) When one hears the word â€Å"motivation†, one automatically thinks of an individual’s reasoning behind a certain task or performance. In terms of job motivation, it is what pushes or encourages a person to not only perform the work tasks, but to also be successful in the positionRead MoreThe Inner Drive of Motivation984 Words   |  4 PagesMotivation is simply means an inner drive to behave or act in a certain manner. To relate Organization and Human Resource, motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. There are three key elements of motivation, which are intensity, direction, and persistence. Intensity is refers to how hard a person tri es on something. Direction is the orientation, path or guideline that benefits the organizationRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of The Business Organization1741 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen working together with. These employees play different roles in the restaurant as defined by the management of the restaurant headed by Jack. Some of the employees are engaged in cleaning services, others are also engaged in welcoming the customers, and others are engaged in serving the customers among others. According to Jack, the employees engaged in cooking the different delicacies are the ones that perform the most challenging roles in the restaurant. This is because they have just to be theRead MoreEmployment Benefits And Rewards Like Outings And An Employee s Work Effort As Inputs986 Words   |  4 Pagesequation: Adam s Categorized employment benefits and rewards like outings and an employee s work effort as inputs. Input Examples: †¢ The number of hours worked by the employee. †¢ The responsibilities of the employee at work an employee of work duties †¢ The commitment demonstrated by the work employed †¢ The loyalty of a worker †¢ Flexibility of the employee such as undertaking short-term tasks †¢ The support the employee has provided to the organization, colleagues and line managers. Output Examples:Read MoreHuman Resources Performance And Success1179 Words   |  5 Pagesresources play an important role in organization’s performance and success. So motivating employees is considered by organizations as crucial to retain the employees and drive them to perform better. Motivated employees tend to be gore effective in fulfilling their job responsibilities. Baack (2012) notes that the exiting literature on motivation seeks to develop an understanding of the nature of motivation, how to increase motivation level in employees and improve employee performance; thus, in turn, improveRead MoreMotivation Employee Performance And Success1255 Words   |  6 PagesEmployees play an important role in organization’s performance and success. So motivating employees is considered by organizations as crucial to retain the employees and drive them to perform better. Motivated employees tend to be more effective in fulfilling their job responsibilities. Baack (2012) notes that the exiting literature on motivation seeks to develop an understanding of the nature of motivation, how to increase motivation level in employees and improve employee performance; thus, in turn, improve

The Unfulfilled Elisa in John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums

The Unfulfilled Elisa in John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story in The Long Valley, a collection of short stories by John Steinbeck. This story dramatizes the efforts made by a housewife, Elisa Allen, to compensate for the disappointments which she has encountered in her life. Steinbeck makes it clear that Elisa yearns for something more in her life then the everyday routines of farm life. While Elisa is portrayed as strong, in the end, her strength serves to be insufficient in having the courage to effect any real change in her life since her fragile self-esteem proves to be too susceptible to outside forces. From the beginning of the short story, Steinbeck emphasizes that Elisa is a strong,†¦show more content†¦The tinker has gotten off the main road and is looking for work. He repairs pots and pans and sharpens kitchen utensils. At first Elisa is aloof and says she has no work for him, but warms to the man when he admires her garden. He mentions that a customer of his wanted to grow chrysanthemums and asked him to bring her seeds if he ever got the chance. Elisa is thrilled to have someone who has shown an interest in her expertise. She informs the tinker that chrysanthemums are best grown from seedlings, after which she arranges some seedlings in a pot of sand for him to take to his customer. This changes Elisa whole orientation toward the tinker. She finds him some of her pots which need repair and engages him in conversation as she digs up the seedlings. At this point, Steinbeck’s narrative takes on sexual overtones as Elisa describes her feelings when she prunes the chrysanthemum buds with sure, quick fingers. â€Å"They never make a mistake. They’re with the plant. Do you see? Your fingers and the plant. You can feel that, right up your arm† (283-284). It is clear in this passage that Elisa is identifying heavily with the tinker and that she images that they share the same feelings toward their individual realms of expertise. The tinker starts to comment on what she has just described, but Elisa cuts him off. She is so certain of what he was going to say, sheShow MoreRelatedSymbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck The Chrysanthemums, one of John Steinbecks masterpieces, describes a lonely farmers wife, Elisa Allen. Elisa Allens physical appearance is very mannish yet still allows a hint of a feminine side to peek through. John Steinbeck brings symbolism into play to represent Elisa Allens frustrations and hidden passions. Isolation is another representation through symbolism found in The Chrysanthemums. Elisas failing detached marriage is representedRead MoreInternal Conflict in Barn Burning by William Faulkner and the Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck1985 Words   |  8 PagesThe works Barn Burning by William Faulkner and The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck at first glance may seem to have no connection, but in spite of different plot they focus on similar ideas. The story Barn Burning by William Faulkner discusses the inner conflict within Sartoris Snopes, a young boy who faced a dilemma. He tries to make a decision of choosing between to lieing in the court under his fathers pressiure who does not want to get into the jail and acting against his father by tellingRead MoreA History of Submissive Women in Literature2215 Words   |  9 Pagesacclimate itself to a world dominated by men. Although major improvements have been made in the strife for equality, this continues to be a man’s world. In the short stories â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† as well as in the drama â€Å"A Doll’s House,† the protagonists are all frustrated women who are unfulfilled with their subservient lives. Partly imposed upon them by their setting’s historical and societal norms, they choose to either do something about it or continue to internalize their

Guns and Elections The Politics of Gun Control Essay

In the book Guns, Gun Control, and Elections: The Politics and Policy of Firearms, Wilson discusses the complex issue of gun control and the many debates and controversies regarding the issue. Many people throughout the United States feel it is the right as a citizen in the United States to own a weapon, and the government should have no say in the matter. These people believe this because of the part of the Second Amendment that states, â€Å"The right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.† People who are strong advocates against gun control use this part of the Second Amendment to drive their point across. Advocates against gun control believe that preserving the freedom of a state through a militia is not the only way†¦show more content†¦In the United States Violent crimes with guns has been a problem, â€Å"Roughly 16,272 murders were committed in the United States during 2008. Of these, about 10,886 or 67% were committed with firearms.â₠¬ (James). Even though advocates for and against pro-gun have their discrepancies there are a few things that both of them agree on. Wilson in his book mentions that there is a need for: (a) weapons to be keep away from the wrong people, (b) an increase in safety involving guns, and that (c) some policy may need to be changed. The problem with changing policy for advocates and non-advocates is agreeing on what policy is appropriate. Wilson in his book does a good job of informing the readers of the key issues of gun control, and some of the flaws in the debates and needs to be done in order to progress in this area. I feel as though Wilson did a great job in discussing the topics mentioned so far, I agree that these issues need to be addressed. And in the near future many changes should occur. An issue that was not heavily addressed by Wilson was the issue regarding a possibly heavy media bias. In the book The Bias Against Guns Exposes Slanted Coverage The Bias Against Guns: Why A lmost Everything Youve Heard About Gun Control is Wrong the author John Lott discusses the problem of media bias for gun control. John took a survey of 3, 000 journalists at the Los Angeles Times and found that seventy-eight percent of the media favored gun control. HeShow MoreRelatedBiography Of Bernie Sanders And The Democratic Party889 Words   |  4 PagesHey I hope all is well with you. I am replying to your previous letter that asked for my helped with the upcoming election. I know that this your first election and I can see that it has you stumped. I am going to do my best to help you with all your needs. I know that you lean more to the liberal side. So, I feel that Bernie Sanders and the Democratic Party should be where you focus your attention. First let me give you some background information on Senator Sanders. Bernie Sanders was raised inRead MoreThe Gardens Of Democracy By Eric Liu And Nick Hanauer1443 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the world, many contemporary iss ues occur in the world of Politics. Democracy is also involved with several contemporary issues. According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary (2014), the word democracy is defined as a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections (Page 215). Like in many political parties, democracy faces several political issuesRead MoreThe Second Amendment : The United States And Its Citizens978 Words   |  4 Pagesamendment is truly beneficial to making money in the U.S. economy. First, I want to cover why this amendment is important to the United States and its citizens. For example, one of my most favored actors Ice-T has proven to be a very big supporter of gun rights and an avid backer of the 2ND Amendment, and in an interview with Channel 4 TV in London, England he states that ,â€Å"Yeah, it’s legal in the United States. It s part of our Constitution. You know, the right to bear arms is because that’s the lastRead MoreThe Gardens Of Democracy By Eric Liu And Nick Hanauer1446 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Throughout the world, many contemporary issues occur in the world of Politics. Democracy is also involved with several contemporary issues. According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary (2014), the word democracy is defined as a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections (Page 215). Like in many political parties, democracy faces several politicalRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1374 Words   |  6 PagesAfter recent mass shootings, the gun control debate has reached the boiling point. We need gun control laws? Gun control, ownership, and laws should be changed immediately.†Did you know that 33 people are killed with guns every day in America? Something needs to be done about gun control because the death rate is steadily rising and guns are one of the leading causes of death in the United States. â€Å"One reason gun control laws should be changed, Gun control statistics reveal that although TheRead MoreThe Gardens Of Democracy By Eric Liu And Nick Hanauer1571 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the world, many contemporary issues occur in the world of Politics. Democracy is also involved with several contemporary issues. According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary (merriam-webster.com 2014), the word democracy is defined as a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections (merriam-webster.com 2014 ). Like in many political parties, democracyRead MoreEssay about America Needs More Gun Control Laws1397 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the United States. Nevertheless, in today’s society, gun violence is sparking debate and controversy on how to control gun violence. Throughout the country, thousands of laws and regulations h ave been created to aid in the control of guns. Through much study, the gun laws and regulations in place have very little effect on the number of gun related injuries and deaths. More needs to be done to establish an effective way to control gun violence. Potential Solutions Shootings in the United StatesRead MorePolitical Influence Of The Tea Party Movement1176 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant â€Å"political actors†, â€Å"Political Party,† â€Å"Social Movement,† â€Å"Interest Group,† and â€Å"Group Organization,† which citizens in the United States can join and support in order to influence politics and government. These four important â€Å"political actors† have a long history and their ability to influence the politics and government can not be underestimated. Moreover, The Tea Party Movement is a political movement that began follow by the Barak Obama’s first presidential inauguration when his administrationRead MoreGun Politics Of The United States1593 Words   |  7 PagesGun Politics in the United States Despite the United States having the strictest law on guns, yet mass shooting is still taking place in all states. Not only the country, but also the states have their own laws, which lawmakers and other jurisdictions around the country have passed. All fifty states have their own laws regarding guns. For example, Chicago has had a handgun ban for more than thirty years, yet it is one of top states with shooting murder on rise. Although heaps of rules and regulationsRead MoreSociological Analysis of the Presidential Election of 2012 from a Structural Functionalist Perspective and a Conflict Perspective.1183 Words   |  5 PagesPresidential Election of 2012 from a Structural Functionalist Perspective and a Conflict Perspective. As the presidential election draws closer, we could vividly view our society from social conflict and structural functionalist perspectives. The democratic process helps us to ask why do we accept and embrace democracy, how does it influence our social patterns and functions; and how does democracy really work for the stability of our society. In this essay, I will analyze the presidential election of 2012

Trade On European Tomatoes And Chickens †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Trade On European Tomatoes And Chickens? Answer: Introduction Ethics refer to the calculated use of reasoning to elucidate experience in order to valuable rules to govern behaviour; they are generally concerned with the nature and justification of right actions(Kline, 2010). Business ethics are the values, principles and norms originating from individuals, organisations or legal systems that govern behaviour within a business; they set boundaries and cultivate beliefs on acceptable behaviour within the particular business community(Ferrell, et al., 2016). All businesses, including international enterprises, require a foundation in ethical values in order to function effectively and efficiently. These values are evident in how an organisation concerns itself with human rights, environmental sustainability and justice in all its endeavours. International business practices are driven by trade liberalisation and globalisation. The main concern with trade liberalisation is market access; that is the exchange of market access to each countrys export s(Hillman, 2008). However, trade liberalisation has proved detrimental for many developing economies, Ghana being one of them(Khor, 2010). As a member of the World Trade Organisation(WTO, 2017), the country is obligated to open up its borders to free trade(WTO, 2017); over the years this has led to a rise in imports as subsidies offered by some of its trading partner lead to the availability of cheaper goods. This in turn has led Ghana to consider raising tariffs in order to ensure the security of its local producers. The following essay aims to look specifically into the impact of EU subsidies on agricultural produce, particularly tomatoes and chicken, and the ethical issues arising from Ghanas efforts to save its local trade by raising tariffs. The essay will provide background into the problem identifying the ethical and legal issues arising and subsequently provide an ethical analysis of these issues. Background into Ghanas raising of tariffs on European tomatoes and poultry The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank have been credited with the rising decline in agriculture in most developing countries(Ismi, 2004). In order to gain financing for development, countries are advised or required to; do away with marketing boards and guaranteed prices to farmers, eliminate subsidies such as those on fertilizer and reduce tariffs on imports(Khor, 2010). This has led to increased wealth for developed nations which can afford to offer subsidies to their farmers while developing countries wallow in poverty and unemployment as consumers opt for cheaper imported goods(Tion, 2014). Ghanas agricultural sector, particularly poultry farming and tomato farming has been adversely affected by these financing requirements. Prior to joining the band wagon on trade liberalisation, Ghana was recognised as a leading country on self-sufficiency in Africa. The government through marketing, and subsidies to farmers had embarked on a nationwide campaign to boost the agricultural sector. Liberalisation in the late 80s and early 90s saw a reversal of these policies; tariffs on agricultural products such as rice, poultry and tomatoes were reduced drastically(Issah, 2007). The elimination of the fertiliser subsidy and the phasing out of the marketing support saw an increase in production costs for local farmers. The EU on the other hand had, and still has, subsidies to its farmers; as such exports from Ghana to the EU would still be substantially more costly. Additionally, the subsidies allow for low production costs and as such European tomatoes and poultry parts can be imported and sold at cheaper prices in Ghana(Boonstra, 2007). Between 1993 and 2003, imports in chicken parts were recorded to have risen by 144 percent; this was due to the aforementioned withdrawal of government support and the heavy subsidisation of poultry farming in Europe. Similarly, the privatisation campaign saw the shutdown of tomato-canning factories, in addition to the reduced tariffs a gap was created which allowed subsidised European tomato products to enter the Ghanaian market(Khor, 2010). For a country that relies heavily on agriculture, as with most developing countries, this effect was crippling on the Ghanaian economy. In an effort to revive its economy and support local trade, the Ghanaian parliament in 2003 sought to increase tariffs on poultry and other European products so as to encourage consumers to buy local goods. The poultry tariff was raised to 40 percent(Clapp Cohen, 2009); the WTO allows for an increase of up to 99 percent. However, pressure from the IMF and the World Bank led to the suspension of the Act 641 impo sing tariffs barely three months after it was introduced by parliament(FAO, 2014). The following discourse will analyse the EUs subsidisation policies, the WTO requirements and the IMF and World Bank policies on tariffs against ethical theories to determine the ethical issues arising from Ghanas imposition of tariffs on EU exports. Ethical issues arising One of the principles of fair trade is the creation of opportunities for disadvantaged producers(McDonald, 2015); in order to achieve this and other goals, international trade is guided by various ethical theories. The utilitarian principle is that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness (Mill, 2017). The happiness concerned in this case is of all parties; as such utilitarianism is a theory that aims to promote the maximum good and happiness of all parties involved. In the business context, if a policy or contract promotes the greater good of parties over any other alternative then it is good(Fernando, 2010). From a utilitarian standing, the policies governing trade liberalisation, with particular reference to this case study, have been more disadvantageous than good to the majority of developing countries. The EU subsidy policies have made it difficult for developing countries to compete both internati onally and on their own turf. Additionally, the trade restrictions on tariffs which are requirements imposed by the IMF and World Bank only serve to put Ghana at a worse of position. As such the efforts by Ghana to increase tariffs would be for the greater good of its citizens and its economy at large. The IMF and World Bank requirements, with regard to the utilitarian theory are unethical as they do not serve the greater good on Ghana; Ghanas efforts through increased tariffs will be ethically appropriate as they are within the bounds of international trade and additionally are an effort to give local produce an equal footing. Deontology provides another ethical approach from which to analyse international trade practices. Deontology concerns itself with the preservation of rights(Ferrell, et al., 2016); an action is ethically and morally right in the deontologists view where it fulfils a duty, and preserves or observes the theories of justice, equity and fairness(McDonald, 2015). In the context of international trade, the deontologist school of thought would encompass the consideration of the rights of all parties involved and the observation of equity and fairness in the performance of ones contractual duties. A deontologist in international trade would observe their duties to refrain from causing harm to distant less privileged strangers(Brock Moellendorf, 2006). The deontological view point is guided by duties; it is a duty-based approach and the gist is that duties are a moral guide and people should not be treated as a means to an end. Looking at the situation leading up to Ghanas attempt to raise tariffs, it was evident that only European countries where benefiting from the current trade agreements on tomatoes and poultry trade. This in essence could be argued as using Ghana as a means to an ends where developed countries got wealthier while the less advantaged developing country suffered economic decline. As such, the existing conditions leading up to Ghanas tariff raise in 2003 were unethical. The Ghanaian government has a duty, imposed by its social contract with its citizens to protect their interests and secure their economic future, it can be said that from a deontological perspective, the Ghanaian government is morally obligated to do anything in its power for the good of its people. Therefore, by raising tariffs on European tomatoes and poultry so as to protect local trade, the Ghanaian government was exercising its duty which by deontological standards is ethical. Legal issues arising In considering the ethical issues arising in this particular case study, it is prudent to consider and analyse the legal issues arising as well. The first issue to consider it the legal consequences of Ghanas decision as a member of the WTO; that is, what are the legal implications of raising tariffs on imports of European tomatoes and chicken. On joining the WTO, members make commitments to keep their tariffs; the customs they charge on imports from other members states, beneath a certain level. The maximum amount set is known as the bound rate, however the tariffs they apply, applied rates, can be far below this value(WTO, 2014). For Ghana, the bound rate under the WTO agreement is 99 per cent on poultry; as such, the 2003 Act to increase this tariff to 40 per cent fell well within the countries obligations as a member of the WTO. Therefore, on both ethical grounds, guided by deontological philosophy and utilitarianism, Ghana acted legally and ethically in this respect. In the 1980s, the debt crisis saw developing countries unable to repay their loans; rising oil prices had seen banks coffers filled up with petro-dollars which in turn led to a lending spree in the 1970s(Palaganas, 2014). The World Bank and the IMF developed structural adjustment programmes which it imposed on developing countries in need of loans; these SAPs saw the privatisation of various industries, cuts in government spending, increased interest rates and trade liberalisation(Tion, 2014). It is these programmes imposed on Ghana by the IMF and the World Bank that led to the decline in its local poultry and tomato trade. Trade finance is the lifeblood of international trade(Baker Riddick, 2013). Countries require adequate financing to engage in international trade so as to expand their revenue. For most developing countries, the IMF and the World Bank are a major source of this financing. However, in order to gain this funding they must comply with certain requirements such as tr ade liberalisation. They are therefore legally bound to ensure their activities promote trade liberalisation and globalisation. This poses a legal issues especially as it is evident that trade liberalisation has had some detrimental effects on African economies. Essentially, Ghana, in attempting to carry out its obligations to its people by raising tariffs to protect its farmers, is faced with the legal challenge of upholding its contractual duty to the IMF and the World Bank; increasing tariffs went against the promotion of trade liberalisation and as such the IMF exerted pressure on the Ghanaian parliament to suspend the Act. However, the IMF and World Bank policies in Africa have been criticised as promoting the violation of the human right to development and creating an environment that infringes on the right to food(Kingston, et al., 2011). For instance, in the case study in question, restrictions on tariffs leave Ghana without a defence against trade practices that are detrimental to its farmers and local producers. This takes away their right to earn a living and fend for themselves and their family and ultimately their right to develop which in turn leads to a poverty stricken nation. Conclusion In considering the Ghana and EU case study, the discourse has identified various ethical and legal issues arising from the scenario. Ethically, the issues to consider were whether the decision was for the ultimate good of all parties and in exercise of a moral duty as imposed by utilitarian and deontological schools of thought. This was considered against Ghanas legal obligations as a member of the WTO and a debtor to the IMF and World Bank. In essence, Ghana was well within its legal obligations to the WTO as the raised tariff rate was still below the bound rates. However, the decision went against the requirements of the IMF and WTO on trade liberalisation to keep tariffs low. 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